Woven pile fabric.



PATENTED MAY 2, 1905.

F. HAMMER. WOVEN PILE FABRIC.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 27, 1904.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

OVEN PILE FABRIC.

IOATION 4 1 w. Q w W H U QM K m WHH U n U n n U Q v ,1 H U n Ha a @H.U NW Q v m C llNTTEn STATES Patented May 2, 1905.

PATENT WOVEN PlLE FABRIC.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 789,020, dated May 2,1905.

Application filed May 27,1904;- Serial No. 210,016.

To aZZ w/tont it may concern.-

Be it known that I, FRITZ HAMMER, a sub ject of the Emperor of Germany,residing in the city of Philadelphia, in the county of Philadelphia andState of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvementsin Woven Pile Fabrics, of which the following is a specification.

My invention has relation to pile fabrics woven double and thenseparated at a median plane to constitute two pile fabrics and in suchconnection my invention relates to the manufacture of the fabric with aclose pile, whereof the pattern or design is produced with a less numberof threads for the pile and without employing a jacquard mechanism inthe production of the fabric.

The principal objects of my invention are, first, to provide a wovenpile fabric in which prior to cutting in two each backing has a singleweft-thread bound in a separate shed by the binder warp-threads and inwhich the pile-thread is also tied in alternate sheds of the respectivebackings before separation thereof into the completed fabric, and,second, to provide a woven pile fabric when completed with a singlebacking with pilethreads disposed in single sets or divisions therein,said pile-threads being tied in alternate sheds of the backing and thebacking consisting of two binder warpthreads, with weft-threads boundsingly in each shed by the binder warp-threads, and a backing warpthread introduced with the binder warp-threads and passing alternatelyunder one and over three weft-threads inthe sets or weaves of the fabricthroughout the same.

The nature and scope of my invention will be more fully understood fromthe following description, taken in connection with the accompanyingdrawings, forming part hereof, in which Figure 1 is a diagrammaticlongitudinal sectional view of a cut pile fabric embodying main featuresof my invention; and Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on the line 00 0cof Fig. 1, illustrating the face and backing of the lower portion of thefabric shown in Fig. 1.

In the manufacture of a fabric of my said inventionbut seven harnessesare required to manipulate the various warp-threads employed to form, inconjunction with the weft threads, a double pile fabric, which whencompleted and cut in two constitutes two out pile fabrics of myinvention. Two sets of three shafts each serve to manipulate the binderand backing warp-threads of the double fabric, and only one shaft isrequired to carry a pile-thread from one backing to the other. The thinbinder warp-threads 1 and 2 of the upper backing a and the thin binderwarpthreads 3 and 4 of the lower backing b are manipulated by twoharnesses of each set of the three harnesses and are alternately raisedand lowered to form sheds in which the weft-threads c and d of the upperand lower backings a and b are introduced. These weft-threads c and dand binder warp-threads 1 and 2 and 3 and 4 form two plain weaves, whichare united to each other by a single pile-thread e. The -pilethread e,as shown in Fig. 1, is raised and lowered in regular sequence by oneharness and so manipulated by the same as to be interwoven in alternatesheds of the weft-threads c and d with the upper backing a and lowerbacking b. This manipulation of the pile-thread e by one harnessproduces in each of the backings a and 5 rows of loops of pile-threadsin a horizontal plane arranged directly opposite each other and in avertical plane are separated by a single weft-thread carrying no loops.Each of the pile-loops in a horizontal plane are separated froin oneanother by the two thin binder warp-threads 3 and 4 and a backingwarp-threadf and in a horizontal plane by a single weft-thread d. Thisarrangement of loops in each of the backings a and 1) produces when thepile-threads e are cut and the backings separated from each other awell-covered pile-surface in each backing. The fullness of thepile-surface of each backing is still further increased by holding thethin binderwarps 1 and 3 of the backings a and I) under tension duringthe weaving operation and in troducing opposite these thin binder-warps1 and 3 in each backing a reinforcing backing warp-threadf, which onaccount of its thickness, although not held under tension duringthe'weaving operation, has, in conjunction with the thin binderwarp-threads held under tension, a tendency to draw the weft-threads ofeach backing a and 1) toward each other and to bring the loops of thepile-threads 6 more closely together. The thick backing warp-threadf,introduced in each of the back ings a and b, is manipulated at eachthird shed by the third harness of each set of the three harnesses.These backing warp-threads as shown, are preferably floated alternatelyunder three and over one weftthread of the backings, and therebysecurely binding each fourth weft-thread of each set or weave of eightpicks to the adjacent three weft-threads thereof. In addition theretothe thin binder warp-threads 1 and 3 of each of the backings a andb,held under tension during the weaving of the fabric, will, inconjunction with the heavy binder warp-threads f, bind the loops of thepile-thread 6 more securely to each of the backings. Moreover, theintroduction of the heavy binder-warp thread fand the holding of certainof the thinbinder warp-threads under tension during the weaving giveeach backing the requisite degree of firmness in the completed fabricand prevent the so-called grinning thereof in the fabric. The floatingof the heavy binder warp-threads under and over the. weft-threads c and(Z of the backings a and bdiffers in each backing for one pick, due toalternate looping of the pile-thread e to the upper and lower backings.By employing a pile-thread e the design in party or multi colors ofwhich has been printed upon the thread prior to its introduction intothe backings a and b will produce a pattern fabric by said pile-threadwhich will be uniform in each backing. It may be here remarked in viewof the foregoing that two pile fabrics can be simultaneously produced,each having a uniform pattern or design.

By the use of the party-colored or printed pile thread e a jacquardmechanism and colored yarn on spools, which were hitherto required inthe manufacture of double-pile woven fabrics, are dispensed with.Moreover, a great saving in pile-threads and an appreciable increase inthe production of the fabric are secured without detracting from theappearance, quality, and character of the resultant fabric. Theintroduction of a heavy binder warp-thread into each of the backings aand b not only serves to render the backings more firm, but gives bodyto the same, as well as serves to interlock and tie the pile-thread moresecurely to the backings of the fabric.

Having thus described the nature and obj ects of my invention, what Iclaim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. A woven pile fabric having a backing consisting of two thin binderwarp-threads with weft-threads bound singly in each shed by the thinbinder warp threads, a pilethread in a single set or division tiedthroughout the backing by alternate weft-threads thereof, and a heavybinder warp thread passing alternately under one and over threeweft-threads in the sets or weaves to tie in regular sequence two loopsof pile-thread to their respective weft-threads in the sets or weavesthroughout the fabric.

2. A woven pile fabric having a backing consisting of two thin binderwarp-threads with weft-threads bound singly in each shed by the thinbinder warp threads, a pilethread in a single set or division tiedthroughout the backing by alternate weftthreads thereof, and a heavybinder warp thread passing alternately under one and over threeweft-threads in the sets or weaves to tie in regular sequence two loopsof pile-thread separated by a weftthread to their respective weftthreads in the sets or weaves throughout the fabric.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my signature in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

FRITZ HAMMER. Witnesses:

J. WALTER DOUGLASS, THOMAS M. SMITH.

